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WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) provides an advanced solution for forest monitoring. The wireless sensor network is composed of sensor nodes, relay nodes, and the base station. Cellular networks can also be used considering the difficulty of achieving the necessary radio range coverage.
The base station will receive the sensing data from distributed relay nodes. The base station can use cellular networks or satellites to transmit the data to the end user, where the user-friendly web-based applications are provided. Users can access a real-time display of forest information and also dynamically configure the information of interest on the web application.
Here is a diagram illustrating a wireless sensor network for forest monitoring:
The base station will receive the sensing data from distributed relay nodes. The base station can use cellular networks or satellites to transmit the data to the end user, where the user-friendly web-based applications are provided. Users can access a real-time display of forest information and also dynamically configure the information of interest on the web application.
Here is a diagram illustrating a wireless sensor network for forest monitoring:
Base Sensor Unit
The sensor nodes will be operated using Zigbee topology, an easy, low-cost, power-friendly flexible implementations technology. The power boosted gateway will collect the sensed data and transmit to an authenticated server station using satellite communication. Collected data will be stored in the database server, which will serve the user's web-interfaced queries.
Sensor Types
Below a few examples of sensors that can be installed on the base sensor unit, which will be installed on individual trees.
Pressure Sensor
Pressure Sensor
CO2 Sensor
Humidity Temperature Sensor
Advantages of Wireless Sensor Networks:
-Greater resolution both in time and space
-WSN facilitate the collection of diverse types of data at frequent intervals over large areas (e.g., temperature, image, PAR).
-WSN enable ecologists and field biologists to unobtrusively collect new types of data, providing new insights on processes.
-Real-time data flows allow researchers to react rapidly to events, thus extending the laboratory to the field.
-The numbers and locations of sensors can be chosen/optimized/changed
-In general, the system is fault-tolerant. Any failure can be detected in real time.
-Observing under extreme conditions
-Reacting to events as they unfold (e.g., to change sampling rates, to begin experiments after soil moisture has reached a threshold)
-Controlled sensing: Sensing parameters can be remotely changed/ modified (e.g., frequency of sensing, data rate, type of data, sensing features, etc.)
Challenges
-Power requirements
-Extreme weather conditions
-Constraints: WSN design and deployment will depend on the environment in which they will operate as well as the needs of ecologists.
-Transmission range
-Harsh environment
-Greater resolution both in time and space
-WSN facilitate the collection of diverse types of data at frequent intervals over large areas (e.g., temperature, image, PAR).
-WSN enable ecologists and field biologists to unobtrusively collect new types of data, providing new insights on processes.
-Real-time data flows allow researchers to react rapidly to events, thus extending the laboratory to the field.
-The numbers and locations of sensors can be chosen/optimized/changed
-In general, the system is fault-tolerant. Any failure can be detected in real time.
-Observing under extreme conditions
-Reacting to events as they unfold (e.g., to change sampling rates, to begin experiments after soil moisture has reached a threshold)
-Controlled sensing: Sensing parameters can be remotely changed/ modified (e.g., frequency of sensing, data rate, type of data, sensing features, etc.)
Challenges
-Power requirements
-Extreme weather conditions
-Constraints: WSN design and deployment will depend on the environment in which they will operate as well as the needs of ecologists.
-Transmission range
-Harsh environment
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